Jenis-Jenis Jamur pada Pembusukan Buah Kakao (Theobroma cacao, L.) di Sumatera Barat

Yenita Afriyeni, Nasril Nasir, - Jumjunidang

Abstract

Currently, cacao (Theobroma cacao, L.) farm is being developed in West Sumatra as one of the most potential estate crops. Less than 10 years, the crop had been developed up to 110,000 ha whereas it was only 25,000 ha in 2005. However there is none of the crops free from disease of immature fruit decay. The aim of this study was to identify the fungus which were collected on decay fruits of cocoa. Samples were collected from lowland and highland farms in West Sumatera by purposive sampling method. Fungus found on the decay fruit of cocoa in the lowland were Phytophthora palmivora, Fusarium sp and Aspergillus niger, while in highland were P. palmivora, Fusarium sp and Gloeosporium.


Keywords: cacao, fungus identification, decay fruit.

Full Text:

PDF

References

Alexopoulos, C. J., and C. W. Mims, 1979. Introductory Mycology. Third Edition. John Wiley & Sons. 632 p.

Barnet, H. L. and B. B. Hunter. 1998. Illustrated Genera of Imperfect Fungi. Fourth Edition. The American Phytopathological Society St. Paul, Minnesota.

Badan Pusat Statistik. 2008. Padang Pariaman Dalam Angka. Kabupaten Padang Pariaman. 479 hal

Booth, C. 1977. Fusarium: Laboratory Guide to the Identification of the Major Species. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew Surrey. England.

Dinas Perkebunan Sumatera Barat. 2006. Master Plan Dinas Perkebunan Sumatera Barat 2007-2016. Kerjasama Dinas Perkebunan Provinsi Sumatera Barat dengan Lembaga Pengkajian Ekonomi Pembangunan Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Andalas Padang.

Drenth, A. and B. Sendall. 2001. Practical Guide to Detection and Identification of Phytophthora. CRC for Tropical Plant Protection Brisbane Australia.

Fardiaz, S. 1989. Mikrobiologi Pangan. IPB: PAU Pangan dan Gizi. Bogor

Harmel, R., and N. Nasir. 2008. Cacao in West Sumatra: Problem and solution. Collaboration Report of Project Uoutzending Managers Netherland and GENTA NGO Padang. 32p

Hasniawati, A. P. 2010. Produksi Kakao Indonesia Belum Maksimal. http://klasik.kontan.co.id/industri/news/32744.

Mairawita.,N. Nasir, A. Dharma, I. Manti, Nurmansyah dan H. Herwina. 2012. Efikasi Biopestisida Ekstrak Andropogon nardus Dalam Menekan Serangan Hama dan Penyakit Utama Buah Kakao di Sumatera Barat. Laporan Penelitian Unggulan Perguruan tinGgi. BOPTN/APBN-P Tahun 2012. Kontrak no: 526/Un-16/LPPM/PU/1/2012/Tertanggal 23 November 2012.

Malloch, D. 1997. Moulds Isolation, Cultivation, Identification, Mycology. Departement of Botany, University of Toronto. Canada

Manti, I. 2009. Jenis dan Tingkat Serangan Penyakit Busuk Buah Kakao di Kabupaten Padang Pariaman. http//sumbar.litbang.deptan.go.id/ind/index.[16 juni 2009].

Semangun, H. 1994. Penyakit – Penyakit Tanaman Hortikultura di Indonesia. Gadjah Mada University Press. Yogyakarta.

Sulistyowati, E., Y. D. Junianto, Sri-Sukamto, S. Wiryadiputra, L. Winarto, dan N. Primawati. 2003. Analisis Status Penelitian dan Pengembangan PHT pada Pertanaman Kakao. Risalah Simposium Nasional Penelitian PHT Perkebunan Rakyat Bogor.

Sunarwati, D., P. J. Santoso dan D. Emilda. 2007. Identifikasi Cendawan Penyebab Busuk Akar dan Kanker Batang Durian (Durio zibethinus Murr). Prosiding Seminar Nasional “Inovasi dan Alih Teknologi Spesifik Lokasi Mendukung Revitalisasi Pertanian”. Hal. 330-337.

Wardojo, S. 1992. Major pests and diseases of cocoa in Indonesia In : Keane PJ & CAJ Putter (Eds.), Cocoa Pest and Disease Management in Southeast Asia and Australasia. FAO, Rome, Paper No. 112. p. 63-77.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.25077/jbioua.2.2.%25p.2013

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.